step 1), fewer other-gender friends (Hdos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (Hstep three). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H4). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H5). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (Hsix) and mixed-gender friendships (Hseven).
Players
Players were employed out-of five local high universities (that most of the-women, one to all-people and two https://datingmentor.org/escort/gainesville/ coeducational) located in demographically varied districts into the Hong kong. Members provided Function step one to help you 6 (eight th in order to 12 th stmany yearss) students except for the new all-female college or university, where Setting six students had been omitted as a result of the school’s plan to possess social examination thinking. Questionnaires was indeed given because of the a class teacher during the for each and every group. Users accomplished actions towards the depending variables and you may advertised the monthly family members money, adult studies and you will many years, variety of sisters and you can brothers, and you may ethnicity. This research is done in conformity toward information and you will recognition of your own College out of Hong kong Person Look Stability Committee (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and couch potato consent from parents or guardians was basically acquired before data range. Every victims provided created advised consent according to the Statement regarding Helsinki.
A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, Mage = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Table step one .
Table 1
c step 1 = zero education/pre-no. 1, dos = number 1, step three = junior additional, 4 = senior second, 5 = post-supplementary, six = postgraduate.
Gender salience measure
Intercourse salience is actually measured from the McGuire ainsi que al.’s the reason means . That it size has been shown are on the or affected from the sex constitution [twenty seven,53]. Professionals was indeed requested to provide about three short answers to every away from both of these concerns: “Tell me what you are” and you will “Let me know what you’re perhaps not”. These people were educated to write down whatever they you’ll consider quickly. The fresh responses was upcoming coded while the “gender-related” or “non-gender-related”. Table 2 reveals examples of it programming program. Solutions had been earliest coded on their own from the several programmers. Inter-rater precision is actually large for everybody solutions (most of the ? > .93). Disputes was indeed up coming solved by discussions among them programmers. The quantity of intercourse-associated answers along the a couple issues is actually summed to point sex salience.
